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Bibliography by Benjamin Chan

Page history last edited by Benjamin Chan 9 years, 4 months ago

[Convention for naming your page (filename): example: "Bibliography by Alan Liu") Delete this line after reading]

 

Annotated Bibliography Assignment

 

By Benjamin Chan, [Team 1 - Marketing Strategies Analysis]

 

 1. Benjamin, Walter. "The Work of Art in The Age of Mechanical Reproduction." Illuminations: Selected Writings.  Schocken Press. 1961. Print.  

 

German writer Walter Benjamin’s essay discusses the fundamental shift in the understanding and production of art in the modern period as new technical devices emerge and challenge the art forms created by means of the human body. His main argument is that the purpose of and appreciation of art has changed over time and become drastically different in the modern period. He posits that because of new forms of technology, art is able to be created through mechanical means of mass production. He argues that the ease of creation results in a different type of art that is no longer true to the original, masterful piece of art that was created with a single purpose. An important distinction that he notes, is that mass produced pieces do not have the same aura that works created by master artists and craftsman of old do.

 

Benjamin defines aura as having an originality to it that makes it a powerful presence that an art form can have and exhibit in a way that others can appreciate it. He writes that aura is a unique emanation that can only come from the original producer of the art. He lists examples of notable types and pieces of art such as Renaissance paintings, Greek statues, and ancient pottery. Although he sites that reproductive technologies have previously existed such as lithographs, Greek founding and stamping, etchings, etc. he argues that modern forms of technology allow for reproduction on a grand scale never before seen in history. 

 

Benjamin also draws attention to the change in society's wants and needs of art over time. He writes that just as the production of art has changed over time, so has man's use and appreciation of it. In the past, art was viewed in limited numbers often for religious and social reasons. With the advent of mechanical mass reproduction, art works are easily accessed, and often times not considered art at all. Used for commercial purposes, he argues that these works have become commonplace and no longer have the charm and soul of the aura that was present in works of old. 

 


2. "StoryMap JS." StoryMap JS - Maps that tell stories. Northwestern University Knight Lab. Web. 15 November 2014.

StoryMap JS is a free online mapping tool created by the Northwestern University Knight Lab. The lab is a joint initiative of Robert R. McCormick School of Engineering and Applied Science and the Medill School of Journalism, Media, Integrated Marketing Communications. The Lab develops prototypes, projects and services that help make information meaningful, promotes quality journalism, storytelling and content for online mediums. StoryMap JS is one such tool.

 

StoryMap creates online maps in which different points of interest can be featured and annotated with text and accompanying images, links, and other information. The map itself can be created from a large photograph file, with high amounts of pixels. These types are called "gigapixel" Storymaps. Within these images one can use the program to mark specific points, draw lines connecting multiple points, and annotate each point. With this method of mapping one could use scanned images of historical maps, images of fantasy or other imaginative locales, and many other things. Examples of locations covered within through the program include across multiple states, across multiple countries, within the confines of a building, within the region of a national park, within a battlefield location, and many more. 

 

The other method of creating the map is to use geographical information which is then plugged into Google Maps. Google's program then finds the location accordingly, and the user can connect that point to others anywhere in Google Maps. The scope of the map can thus extend from within a relatively small region, the the bounds of a country, to multiple locations throughout the world.  

 


3. "Netlytic." Netlytic. Netlytic.org. Web. 15 November 2014.

 

Netlytic is a cloud-based text and social networks analyzer that can automatically summarize large volumes of text and discover social networks from online conversations on social media sites such as Twitter, Youtube, blogs, online forums and chats. The program is designed to help researchers and interested parties find data and understand an online group's operation, the demographics and habits of the group's users, and understand how this information and other elements work together in a network.

 

Netlytic works by capturing or important online information from relevant forms of social media such as Facebook, Twitter, Youtube, forums, chatrooms, and more. Imported data can be linked to a user's social media accounts, or one could use the program to search through for specific elements and details. The process of harvesting data from these sites can be lengthy, taking many hours or up to a full day to pull information from servers. Netlytic can harvest massive amounts of information, Depending on the criteria for the search.

 

Once the data has been harvested, Netlytic can be used to perform a variety of analytic procedures. Text analysis is one of the main features of Netlytic that can be used to process through a myriad of criteria. Key terms can be isolated, as well as other search fields such a descriptions, title, origins, dates etc. Another feature of the program is cognitive and metacognitive cateogries that can analyze samples of text. Certain categories such as feelings, condition, shape, touch, etc. can be programmed as part of the analysis process.

 

Graphs and network visualizations can also be created with Netlytic. Once information has been harvested, and the analysis is complete, the program can compile the results into a network visualization, pie charts, line graphs, and other metrics. These data sets can then be shared and published publically. 

 


4. Derrick, Jennifer. "Word Counter." Wordcounter.net. Web. 15 November, 2014. 

 

Word Counter is a simple word count and character count tool. Within a text box one can type or paste text into it. The program will automatically count the number of words and characters as the text appears, whether you type or paste it in. Word Counter specifically details the number of words, characters, characters (no spaces), sentences, paragraphs, average sentences (words), and average sentences (characters). There are buttons to clear the text, undo the last change, and an options button. A form of Word Counter is available as an Apple ios app, and as extensions for the Google Chrome and Mozilla Firefox web browsers.

 

Another main feature of Word Counter is a keyword density tracker. The program analyzes the inputted text and determines the most commonly used words. An option for the density tracker is to include common sentence construction words such as "the," "is," "so" etc. The density tracker can be used to check for redundancy or repetition within a body of text. Such a feature can help a writer from over-using certain words and to allow a proper keyword distribution in their piece. 

 


5. Adorno, Theodor, and Horkheimer, Max. "The Culture Industry: Enlightenment as Mass Deception." Dialetics of Enlightenment. 1947. Print.

 

German critical theorists Theodor Adorno and Max Horkheimer argue in their essay that popular culture is like a factory producing mass quantities of goods which are used to manipulate mass society into passivity and to the will of the ruling of class. They write that forms of media such as radio, films, newspapers, magazines and others are created with a specific purpose behind them. Popular trends and celebrities that are part of culture are carefully crafted and fed to the masses. The two argue that the "culture industry" creates these things to subdue the individual and mold them to their liking.

 

Adorno and Horkheimer argue that the culture industry creates false psychological needs that the public is told to desire after. Certain features of celebrities such as certain elements of beauty or personality, or their specific talents for example are what is marketed to the masses as desirable. They write that the public is so engaged by these lures that they strive to be like these celebrities, or to have what they have. However despite the general public's low economic state, the mass media that they view keeps them content with their unfavorable situation. 

 

The essay is primarily concerned with the production of cultural and societal content in capitalist societies such as the United States. They argue that these societies thrive around the nature and goal of the culture industry, which is to control the masses. In these societies, the danger lies in a select few holding power over the masses. 

 

 

 

 

 

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